The Sherman Act Of 1890 - 1512 Words

A Sherman Act of 1890 The Sherman Act of 1890 as referenced in McConnell and Campbell (2011), consists of two main regulations; †¢ Section 1 â€Å"Every contract, combination in the form of a trust or otherwise, or conspiracy, in restraint of trade or commerce among the several States, or with foreign nations is declared to be illegal.† †¢ Section 2 â€Å"Every person who shall monopolize, or attempt to monopolize, or combine or conspire with any person or persons, to monopolize any part of the trade or commerce among the several states, or with foreign nations, shall be deemed guilty of a felony† (as later amended from â€Å"misdemeanor†). (p.375) The historical context of the Sherman Act lies in the corporate climate of the United States during the time period preceding the creation of these antitrust laws. At that time the market was dominated by several monopolies in industries such as railroads, tobacco production, meatpacking and coal mining. The US Government determined the monopolies did not provide enough fair competition in those industries to provide protection of consumers. The Sherman Act of 1890 created the legislation to declare the existing monopolies illegal and made violation of the Act a felony, essentially deeming the existing monopolies in violation of the law. These two regulations made common practices such as price fixing and market divisions illegal. The Sherman Act would open the doors for individuals and government agencies such as the U.SShow MoreRelatedThe Sherman Anti Trust Act Of 1890 Essay1278 Words   |  6 PagesAnti-Trust The Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890 was passed to prohibit trusts, this was the first law passed by U.S. Congress to enforce this. This act was named after Senator John Sherman. Before this act was put into place, many other states had enforced laws very similar to the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. These laws were not perfect though, the large corporations had the majority of the economic power. Congress was not pleased with this, thus making the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. This act allowed CongressRead MoreAnalysis Of The Sherman Anti Trust Act Of 18901682 Words   |  7 Pagesprices of their products. This is classified as a horizontal agreement because it involves competitors. They do this in order to manipulate prices to gain an unfair advantage. The government has a law in place for this issue called the Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890. This law requires each company to set its prices and other terms on its own. Generally, the consumer expects the price of a product to be determin ed by the current supply and demand. This is not the case with price fixing, as competitorsRead MoreAntitrust Laws And The Federal Branch Of The United States Government1128 Words   |  5 Pagesantitrust laws, the Sherman Antitrust Law, the Clayton Act, and the Federal Trade Commission Act. Each of these acts will be explored, and there effect on the business environment will be examined. The Sherman Antitrust Act was enacted by congress in 1890 with overwhelming support; in fact it only received one vote in opposition. The support was largely due to intense public opposition to the amount of power that large corporations had accumulated in the two decades prior to the acts enactment. ItsRead MoreA Comparison of Two Monopolists in a Competitive Market Essay977 Words   |  4 Pagesprices clearly illustrate the inefficiency of a monopoly and the harm it may cause to the economy. The Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890 In order to prevent a handful of monopolies and trusts (another form of monopolization) from controlling the economy, Congress passed the Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890. Signed into law by President Benjamin Harrison on July 2, 1890, the law consists of two sections. Section 1 primarily prohibits any contract or action whose aim is an Read MoreMarket Competition1030 Words   |  5 Pagesthere is the Sherman Act of 1890 outlawed restraints on trade and monopolization. (McConnell Brue, 2008, p 375) Due to the controversy over the interpretation of the Sherman Act of 1890, the Clayton Act of 1914 was introduced. This piece of legislation was an elaboration of the Sherman Act of 1890 that strengthened this act as well as outlawing price discrimination, prohibited tying contracts, and prohibited interlocking directorates. (McConnell Brue, 2008, p 376) This Act was intended toRead MoreThe Copyright Of The Sherman Antitrust Act1662 Words   |  7 PagesWith these arguments going on, discussions of the Sherman Antitrust Act in many legal cases, have been whether or not this law is beneficial to our economy and population, or harmful. People have gathered on both sides of this debate looking for the truth behind the effect of the Sherman Antitrust act. To learn how the Sherman Antitrust Act works we must look bac k to when and why it was created. In the past, and even now, the Sherman Antitrust Act has been and is being misunderstood, but if weRead MoreNative American Removal Act ( Indian Removal )983 Words   |  4 PagesMontana, Washington, and California (Youngs). On May 28, 1830, the Indian Removal Act was passed. It stated that the Native American were to be removed from the Southern states (Indian Removal Act). The act ended the Native American’s right to live in the states under their own traditional laws (Indian Removal Act). They were given the options to assimilate and acknowledge the United States’ laws or leave (Indian Removal Act). They were forced to leave their land, their homes, everything they ever knewRead MoreThe Progressive Era ( 1900-1919 )1544 Words   |  7 PagesGilded Age (1877-1900). One of the best examples of this was shown in the correlation between the Clayton Anti-Trust Act and Sherman Anti-Trust Act. The Sherman Anti-Trust Act was established in 1890, with the purpose of combatting oppressive monopolies and big businesses. The federal law prohibited the signing of any trust, lease, or contact in the limits of foreign trade. The act also states that. â€Å"Every person who shall monopolize, or attem pt to monopolize, or combine or conspire with any otherRead MoreEssay about Sherman Anti-Trust Act (Constitutional Law)792 Words   |  4 PagesTo: Reader From: Re: Sherman Antitrust Act Facts John Davison Rockefeller was the founder of Standard Oil Company in 1870 and ran it until he retired in 1897. Standard Oil gained almost complete control over the oil refining market in the United States by underselling its competitors. Rockefeller and his associates owned dozens of corporations operating in just one state. The Sherman Antitrust Act was enacted on July 2nd, 1890 which prohibits activities that restrict interstate commerce

Short Story - 1412 Words

Title- What’s lurking beside the glaring fire? 1895- England A loud thud came from the prison cell next to me. As I walked closer, I saw a large, muscular man run out of his cell, carrying a pistol. I ran to my coworker, who was laying on the ground, covering his lower abdomen. He moved his hand, and there I saw, two bullet holes, lodged through the skin and bones. I was frozen. â€Å"Should I help my comrade, or should I go after the criminal?† This one thought came running through my brain. I couldn’t decide. By the time I made up my mind, the criminal was probably half- way across the countryside. I ran to my fallen comrade. His body was as cold as ice, with blood splattered across his stomach. I sat there, feeling sorrowful for my lost†¦show more content†¦About half the logs were starting to deteriorate, or had been deteriorating for a while now. I walked onto the lowest step, and sluggishly walked onto the front porch. There sat two wooden rocking chairs, with piles of dust laying across the surfaces. I walked towards the door, as my heart started pumping louder than I’ve ever heard it pump before. I grabbed the handle, forgetting to knock. It was unlocked, (which didn’t quite surprise me.) The door slowly opened, with a long, eerie creak. As I walked forward, a thought of doubt came racing through my mind. I ignored my warning, and walked into the wooden cabin. The room I walked into was pitch black. I moved my hands across every surface, looking for a light of some sort. There I found a small, metal lantern. I picked it up, and turned it on. A Yellow glow came from the lantern. Not enough light to see everything around me, but enough light to see where I was heading to. I strolled further into the cabin. While walking, I could hear faint, yet noticeable whispers behind me. I ignored these whispers, trying to think of any reasonable cause of this sound. The farther I walked, the louder the whispers became. Soon enough, the whispers turned into every cry of displeasure and anger. The feelings of being perplexed and muddled soon turned into the feelings of fear and terror. I started scampering across the wooden floor, hearing the loud whispers behind me become more violent and unbearable. InShow MoreRelatedshort story1018 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Short Stories:  Ã‚  Characteristics †¢Short  - Can usually be read in one sitting. †¢Concise:  Ã‚  Information offered in the story is relevant to the tale being told.  Ã‚  This is unlike a novel, where the story can diverge from the main plot †¢Usually tries to leave behind a  single impression  or effect.  Ã‚  Usually, though not always built around one character, place, idea, or act. †¢Because they are concise, writers depend on the reader bringing  personal experiences  and  prior knowledge  to the story. Four MajorRead MoreThe Short Stories Ideas For Writing A Short Story Essay1097 Words   |  5 Pageswriting a short story. Many a time, writers run out of these short story ideas upon exhausting their sources of short story ideas. If you are one of these writers, who have run out of short story ideas, and the deadline you have for coming up with a short story is running out, the short story writing prompts below will surely help you. Additionally, if you are being tormented by the blank Microsoft Word document staring at you because you are not able to come up with the best short story idea, youRead MoreShort Story1804 Words   |  8 PagesShort story: Definition and History. A  short story  like any other term does not have only one definition, it has many definitions, but all of them are similar in a general idea. According to The World Book Encyclopedia (1994, Vol. 12, L-354), â€Å"the short story is a short work of fiction that usually centers around a single incident. Because of its shorter length, the characters and situations are fewer and less complicated than those of a novel.† In the Cambridge Advanced Learner’s DictionaryRead MoreShort Stories648 Words   |  3 Pageswhat the title to the short story is. The short story theme I am going conduct on is â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty’ by James Thurber (1973). In this short story the literary elements being used is plot and symbols and the theme being full of distractions and disruption. The narrator is giving a third person point of view in sharing the thoughts of the characters. Walter Mitty the daydreamer is very humorous in the different plots of his dr ifting off. In the start of the story the plot, symbols,Read MoreShort Stories1125 Words   |  5 PagesThe themes of short stories are often relevant to real life? To what extent do you agree with this view? In the short stories â€Å"Miss Brill† and â€Å"Frau Brechenmacher attends a wedding† written by Katherine Mansfield, the themes which are relevant to real life in Miss Brill are isolation and appearance versus reality. Likewise Frau Brechenmacher suffers through isolation throughout the story and also male dominance is one of the major themes that are highlighted in the story. These themes areRead MoreShort Story and People1473 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Title: Story Of An Hour Author: Kate Chopin I. On The Elements / Literary Concepts The short story Story Of An Hour is all about the series of emotions that the protagonist, Mrs. Mallard showed to the readers. With the kind of plot of this short story, it actually refers to the moments that Mrs. Mallard knew that all this time, her husband was alive. For the symbol, I like the title of this short story because it actually symbolizes the time where Mrs. Mallard died with joy. And with thatRead MoreShort Story Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesA short story concentrates on creating a single dynamic effect and is limited in character and situation. It is a language of maximum yet economical effect. Every word must do a job, sometimes several jobs. Short stories are filled with numerous language and sound devices. These language and sound devices create a stronger image of the scenario or the characters within the text, which contribute to the overall pre-designed effect.As it is shown in the metaphor lipstick bleeding gently in CinnamonRead MoreRacism in the Short Stor ies1837 Words   |  7 PagesOften we read stories that tell stories of mixing the grouping may not always be what is legal or what people consider moral at the time. The things that you can learn from someone who is not like you is amazing if people took the time to consider this before judging someone the world as we know it would be a completely different place. The notion to overlook someone because they are not the same race, gender, creed, religion seems to be the way of the world for a long time. Racism is so prevalentRead MoreThe Idol Short Story1728 Words   |  7 PagesThe short stories â€Å"The Idol† by Adolfo Bioy Casares and â€Å"Axolotl† by Julio Cortà ¡zar address the notion of obsession, and the resulting harm that can come from it. Like all addictions, obsession makes one feel overwhelmed, as a single thought comes to continuously intruding our mind, causing the individual to not be able to ignore these thoughts. In â€Å"Axolotl†, the narr ator is drawn upon the axolotls at the Jardin des Plantes aquarium and his fascination towards the axolotls becomes an obsession. InRead MoreGothic Short Story1447 Words   |  6 Pages The End. In the short story, â€Å"Emma Barrett,† the reader follows a search party group searching for a missing girl named Emma deep in a forest in Oregon. The story follows through first person narration by a group member named Holden. This story would be considered a gothic short story because of its use of setting, theme, symbolism, and literary devices used to portray the horror of a missing six-year-old girl. Plot is the literal chronological development of the story, the sequence of events

Case Study 2 Free Essays

Chapter 2 Case Study Summary 1: 21-year old woman that has had type 1 diabetes for the past 8 years, was brought to the hospital in a coma. She was prescribed to take 92 units of insulin a day to maintain her sugar levels within normal limits and prevent excess sugar in her urine. Upon admission she was hypontensive, tachycardic and hyperventilating. We will write a custom essay sample on Case Study 2 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Her labs show she is acidonic, arterial blood carbon dioxide levels were low, blood oxygen tension is normal, bicarbonate levels are really low indicating metabolic acidosis, low sodium levels, slightly high level of potassium, Chloride level is on the low end of normal, very high levels of blood urea and nitrogen, total carbon dioxide levels are really low, extremely high sugar levels and high creatinine levels. She tested positive for ketones. She recieved 8 units of regular insulin through an IV and 8 units per hour by IV infusion pump. Her blood sugar levels began to drop at about 100 mg/dL each hour. After seven hours her breathing and pH went back to normal, following an injection of intravenous sodium bicarbonate to raise her pH and vigorous IV fluids and electrolyte replacement. 1. It seems her type 1 diabetes is uncontrolled. As her body could not use the sugar and there is not enough insulin, fat was used for fuel instead. During fat breakdown, byproducts called ketones are developed. Ketone bodies are acidic and dangerous when it build up in the body causing all her symptoms upon admission. . Yes, her pH levels became normal. Meaning her bicarbonate levels increased to compensate for the increased hydrogen proton levels in her blood. 3. When the body uses fat for energy instead of sugar, the body creates a byproduct called ketones. Since this is a byproduct, it flows through the renal system waiting to be expelled from the body. Normally, the existence of ketone bodies are detected through a urine sample. 4. The potassium results were high which can indicate some problem with her kidneys. 5. The low sodium results are based on the fact that sodiums job in the body is to keep proper acid-base equilibrium (homeostasis). Sodium has alkaline properties so if the levels are low the acid levels will be higher. 6. Diabetes can affect normal control of BP and can cause damage to the nerves supplying the blood vessels. When the blood pressure lowers the glomerular filtration rate decreases. 7. Anion gap measures of anions in the arterial blood. Anion gap equals chloride plus bicarbonate minus sodium Na-(Cl + HCO3-). The patient has a anion gap of 30. Normal levels are 7 to 16. 8. Osmolality measures the concentration of all chemical particles found in the fluid part of blood. Normal values range from 275 to 295. The patient has a osmolality of 351. 1 Summary 2: 14 year old boy that was never vaccinated against poliomyelitis got the disease late summer. He was hospitalized and needed a respirator during the severity of the illness. Once he began to recover, they took him off the respirator with no apparent effects. Days later a blood analysis revealed the following. H level is slightly acidic, carbon dioxide levels are high and indicate some respiratory acidosis, blood oxygen level is low, bicarbonate level is high, sodium levels are normal, potassium is normal, chloride level is slightly low, and total carbon dioxide levels are high. 1. It seems the patient has respiratory acidosis. Production of carbon dioxide occurs fast and the failure of proper ventilated increases the CO2 in the blood. 2. B uffers are normal compensatory mechanisms to respond to the acidosis. 3. Yes, the HCO3 (bicarbonate) test is elevated and bicarbonate is a buffer. 4. Acute respiratory acidosis is when a abrupt failure of ventilation occurs. Chronic respiratory acidosis may be secondary to many disorders. 5. Total CO2 measures the serum bicarbonate and available forms of carbon dioxide. Bicarbonate takes up about 95% of the total. They take the bicarbonate measurements by the sample of the venous blood and arterial blood gas analysis. 6. Chloride levels are slightly lower due to respiratory muscle weakness. How to cite Case Study 2, Free Case study samples Case Study 2 Free Essays Case Study 2 Springfield Express is a luxury passenger carrier in Texas. All seats are first class, and the following data are available: Number of seats per passenger train car 90 Average load factor (percentage of seats filled) 70% Average full passenger fare $ 160 Average variable cost per passenger $ 70 Fixed operating cost per month $3,150,000 Formula : Revenue = Units Sold * Unit price Contribution Margin = Revenue – All Variable Cost Contribution Margin Ratio = Contribution Margin/Selling Price Break Even Points in Units = (Total Fixed Costs + Target Profit )/Contribution Margin Break Even Points in Sales = (Total Fixed Costs + Target Profit )/Contribution Margin Ratio Margin of Safety = Revenue – Break Even Points in Sales Degree of Operating Leverage = Contribution Margin/Net Income Net Income = Revenue – Total Variable Cost – Total Fixed Cost Unit Product Cost using Absorption Cost = (Total Variable Cost + Total Fixed Cost)/# of units a. Contribution margin per passenger =$160 – $70 = $90 Contribution margin ratio =$90/$160=56. We will write a custom essay sample on Case Study 2 or any similar topic only for you Order Now 25% Break-even point in passengers = Fixed costs/Contribution Margin = $ 3,150,000/$90 Passengers =35,000 Break-even point in dollars = Fixed Costs/Contribution Margin Ratio = $ 3,150,000/56. 25% $ 5,600,000 b. Compute # of seats per train car (remember load factor? )= 90 * 70% = 63 Seats filled Compute # of train cars (rounded) = 35,000/63 = 556 train cars filled c. Contribution margin = $190 – $70 = $120 Break-even point in passengers = fixed costs/ contribution margin =$ 3,150,000/$120 Passengers = 26,250 BE = 90 seats *60% = 54 Train cars (rounded) = 26,250/54 = 486 d. Contribution margin = $190 – $90 = $70 Break-even point in passengers = Fixed costs/Contribution Margin = $ 3,150,000/$70 Passengers =45,000 BE = 90 seats *70% = 63 Train cars (rounded) = 45,000/63 = 714 e. Contribution margin = $205 – $85 = $120 (P = Passengers) Sales205*P Variable Exp. 085*P Contribution M. 120*P Fixed Exp. 3,600,000 PretaxX Tax Exp. :X*30% Net Income Op. 750,000 750,000 = X – 0. 3X (X (1 – 0. 3) = 750,000/(1-0. 3) = X X=$ 1,071,428. 57 (Pre-Tax) $ 1,071,429= 120P – $ 3,600,000 = $ 1,071,429 + $ 3,600,000= 120P = 4,671,429/120= P P =38,928 f. Contribution margin = $120 – $70 = $50 # of discounted seats = 90*70%; 90*80% ( Difference is 10%; 90*10% = 9 Seats Contribution margin for discounted fares X #discounted seats = $50 * 9 Seats = $450 50 Train *$ 450 train cars per day * 30 days per month= $675,000 $ 675,000 (-) $ 180,000 additional fixed costs = $495,000 pretax income. g. 1. Co mpute Contribution margin Route 1 Route2 Overall Mix Sales160*P175*P335 *p Variable Exp. 070*P070*P140 *p Contribution M. 090*P105*P195 *P Route 1 Contribution Margin Ratio =$90/$160=56. 5% Route 2 Contribution Margin Ratio =$105/$175=60% Overall Contribution Margin Ratio =$195/$335=58. 20% Answer: Yes, it should, because the CMR is greater with the two routes. 2. BE = 90 * 60% = 54 Seats filled Contribution margin = $175 – $70 = $105 (P = Passengers) Sales175*P (54 Seats) Variable Exp. 070*P Contribution M. 105*P Fixed Exp. 3,150,000+250,000=3,400,000 Pretax120,000 120,000 = (105P*(54 Seats)) – 3,400,000 = 3,520,000 = 5,670P = 3,520,000/5,670 = P P=621 621/54 =12 train cars 3. Contribution margin = $175 – $70 = $105 BE = 90 seats *75% = 68 Contribution margin = $175 – $70 = $105 (P = Passengers) Sales175*P (68 Seats) Variable Exp. 070*P Contribution M. 105*P Fixed Exp. 3,150,000+250,000=3,400,000 Pretax120,000 120,000 = (105P*(68 Seats)) – 3,400,000 = 3,520,000 = 7,140P = 3,520,000/7,140= P P=493 493/68 = 7 train cars 4. Springfield should consider Qualitative factors such as: (1) effect on employee morale, schedules and other internal elements; (2) relationships with and commitments to older and new suppliers; (3) effect on present and future customers; and (4) long-term future effect on profitability and new businesses. How to cite Case Study 2, Free Case study samples

Gender and Art free essay sample

A discussion of three art works and how gender issues, most notably feminism and representations of women, can be seen through art. Artistic representations, depending on how they are read, often reveal through their texts ideas about sexuality and/or gender. Discussed here are three works, all of which can be read through the lenses of various topics. Allie Eagles This Woman Died: I Care (died trying to abort herself) involves the politics of protest, Carole Shepherd has worked against specific traditions with her photo-collage, John, and George Elgar Hicks Womans Mission: Companion of Manhood deals closely with gender identity. Protest instantly becomes political within the context of an image, due to the viewers prior preconceptions regarding the issue under scrutiny. Opinions are challenged, and important questions consequently raised. This Woman died: I care (died trying to abort herself), by Allie Eagle (New Zealander) in1978, is an image from which a clear form of political protest can be easily identified. We will write a custom essay sample on Gender and Art or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The image can be read in a way that distinctly illustrates an objection against the (suggested) violence forced upon women by societys codes of behavior. It can also be read as a reaction to the question of the legality of abortion, which at the time was under review in New Zealand. In itself the title influences the viewers interpretation of the image, whilst its visual features serve to demonstrate Eagles lamentation.